Includes bibliographical references (pages 449-502) and index.

Part I. The formative period -- The straight path - philosophy and Islam -- All for one - the Mu'tazillites -- Founded in translation - from Greek to Syriac to Arabic -- Philosopher of the Arabs - al-Kindi -- The chosen ones - philosophy and Judaism -- Reasoned belief - Saadia Gaon -- High five - al-Rāzī -- Aristotelian society - the Baghdad school -- The second master - al-Fārābī -- State of mind - al-Fārābī on religion and politics -- Eye of the beholder - theories of vision -- Strings attached - music and philosophy -- Balancing acts - Arabic ethical literature -- Undercover brothers - philosophy in the Būyid age -- God willing - the Ash'arites -- The self-made man - Avicenna's life and works -- By the time I get to Phoenix - Avicenna on existence -- By all means necessary - Avicenna on god -- Into thin air - Avicenna on the soul -- Special delivery - al-Ghazālī -- Miracle worker - al-Ghazālī against the philosophers -- Part II. Andalusia -- Philosophy's reign in Spain - Andalusia -- Laying down the law - Ibn Hazm and Islamic legal theory -- Fantasy island - Ibn Bājja and Ibn Ṭufayl -- Back to basics - Averroes on reason and religion -- Single minded - Averroes on the intellect -- A matter of taste - Ibn 'Arabī and Sufism -- Team spirit - Ibn Khaldūn -- Matter over mind - Ibn Gabirol -- Choosing my religion - Judah Hallevi -- Born under a bad sign - freedom and astrology in Jewish philosophy -- With all your heart - ethics and Judaism -- The great eagle - Maimonides -- He moves in mysterious ways - Maimonides on eternity -- Burnt offerings - The Maimonidean controversy -- Man and superman - Gersonides and the Jewish reception of Averroes -- Neither the time not the place - Hasdai Crescas -- When bad things happen to good people - suffering in Jewish philosophy -- Chariot of fire - Kabbalah -- A matter of principles - Joseph Albo and Isaac Abravanel -- Part III. The later traditions -- Golden age - the later traditions -- All things considered - Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī -- For the sake of argument - Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī -- Let there be light - Suhrawadī -- Bright ideas - illuminationism -- A man for all seasons - Naṣīr al-Dīn a-Ṭūsī -- To be or not to be - debating Avicenna's metaphysics -- Eyes wide shut - Rūmī and philosophical Sufism -- Proof positive - the logical tradition -- By the book - Ibn Taymiyya -- Aftermath - philosophy and science in the Mongol age -- Family feud - philosophy at Shīrāz -- Follow the leader - philosophy under the Sa.favids -- To be, continued - Mullā Ṣadrā on existence -- Return to sender - Mullā Ṣadrā on motion and knowledge -- Subcontinental drift - philosophy in Islamic India -- Turkish delights - philosophy under the Ottomans -- Blind alley - Taqlīd, Sufism, and philosophy -- The young ones - encounters with European thoughts -- The stronger sex - women scholars in the Islamic world -- All for one and one for all - Muḥammad 'Abduh and Muḥammad Iqbāl -- Iran so far - the heirs of Mullā Ṣadrā